Canine Influenza: Q & A

Canine influenza is a new virus that causes respiratory infection in dogs. It is believed to have jumped species from horses to racing dogs in Florida sometime in the past few years and gradually spread to other dogs around the United States. According to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), the first evidence of canine influenza in companion dogs was documented in spring 2005.

In September 2005, it was confirmed that a Portland, Oregon dog had been exposed to the virus. The dog was a four-year-old spayed female who showed signs of fever, coughing and lethargy. To date, this is the only confirmed case in the state.

What are the symptoms of canine influenza?
The symptoms are similar to kennel cough (Bordetella bronchiseptica) because coughing is the most common symptom. Most dogs diagnosed with canine influenza experience a mild form of the disease. They usually suffer from a persistent cough that may last for as long as three weeks and may experience a yellowish nasal discharge that can be treated effectively with antibiotics.

Dogs who experience a stronger version of canine influenza frequently have a high fever and exhibit increased respiratory rates and other indications of pneumonia. Antibiotics treat this form of the disease successfully in about 95 percent of the cases. The fatality rate is estimated to be between 5 and 8%, but with early diagnosis and appropriate treatment by a veterinarian, this rate can be much lower.

Remember, coughing may be indicative of a variety of diseases or conditions. Your veterinarian is best qualified to diagnose your dog.

How is it spread?
At present, canine influenza appears to be an airborne disease, much like kennel cough. Physical contact between dogs does not seem to be required.

Can it be transmitted to humans or other animals?
No. People can not catch the dog flu. Horses, cats, and other animals are not at risk either.

Is there a vaccine against canine influenza?
Not yet, but veterinary researchers are working to develop one.

Does the bordetella (kennel cough) vaccine protect dogs against canine influenza?
No. However, it is a good idea to protect your dog with all vaccines recommended by your veterinarian.

How do I protect my dog?
Wash your hands after handling any sick dog and before touching your dog. Until a vaccine is developed, there is no way to ensure your dog won’t contract canine influenza. A good rule of thumb, however, is to assume that the greater the exposure your dog has to other dogs, the greater the chance of infection. If your dog socializes frequently with other dogs or is boarded at a kennel, the odds of exposure are greater than if your dog remains at home.

What should I do my dog shows symptoms?
Call your veterinarian if your dog develops a cough. If your dog is coughing, do not take it out to locations where it may infect other dogs. Keep it at home until it is well, or until directed by your veterinarian. Be sure to tell your veterinarian if your dog has been boarded, sent to the groomer or involved in any social activities (dog park, doggie day care, etc.) within the last month.

What are authorities and shelters doing to do deal with canine influenza?
A joint coalition of animal services organizations from Clackamas, Multnomah, and Washington counties, humane societies from Portland and southwest Washington, and the Oregon Department of Health have met to discuss admission and isolation procedures to reduce the spread of dog flu in animal shelters in the Portland area.

Information compiled from a variety of sources, including the Oregon Public Health Veterinarian's office and the CDC.