Pigeon Fever

Pigeon fever, a disease that affects horses, has been spreading in northeast Oregon. The last major appearance in the area was in 2005. Caused by the bacteria Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, pigeon fever is highly contagious, but rarely fatal. It is characterized by external abscesses, primarily in the pectoral area and ventral part of the abdomen, which gives the horse a puffed-out appearance similar to that of a pigeon. The infection is confirmed with a bacterial culture.

The bacteria is thought to be spread by biting insects and flies with entry through abrasions or wounds in the skin and mucous membranes. Humans can also be carriers of the bacteria on their boots, hands, and tools. Proper disinfection protocols play a role in helping to limit the spread of the bacteria.

Treatment involves lancing and draining absecesses and antibiotics, although some horses heal with no medical intervention. Further research is needed to better understand the epidemiology and pathogenesis of this disease.

The disease is seasonal, with peak incidence in the fall months, and the incidence fluctuates from year to year within a site. Vaccines are available for sheep and goats, but there is no vaccine for horses. For more information on pigeon fever, consult your veterinarian.

Updated 10.19.07